Six items and advantages should be paid attention to when wheat is sown in no-tillage

Author:Dekenag  Alice

No-tillage and seeding of wheat is to use special no-tillage planter to complete the belt furrow, deep application of planting fertilizer, seeding, covering soil, suppressing, supporting ridge and other operations on the uncultivated land covered by straw. This technology can save labor, save time, save money, save water, save fertilizer and improve work efficiency. It is a good technology to guide farmers to save capital and increase income. The following points should be noted when planting wheat under no-tillage

One, should choose good seed, do well seed processing. The wheat that mechanical no-tillage sows should choose the wheat variety with strong tillering ability that suits local place, should carry on the medicine treatment of disease prevention, insect pest after sowing, if seed coat, medicament mixes seed, in order to prevent the disease insect pest that stubble, straw causes.

Two, choose granular fertilizer for growing fertilizer. Since chemical fertilizers need to be mechanically sown, granular fertilizers are required and no clumps larger than 0.5 cm are allowed. In general mu of 40-50 kg of granular compound or compound fertilizer. When stopping work at night, cover the incubator with plastic cloth to avoid wet residual fertilizer from dew, resulting in caking. When planting in foggy days or in humid weather, check the discharge of fertilizer frequently to prevent the accumulation of moisture and clogs.

Three, seeding quantity should be appropriate. In order to ensure that the whole wheat can be sown in one seeding, and achieve a strong seedling through winter, the sowing time should be "full of moisture, timely, precise and even". The seeding amount should be determined according to the characteristics of the selected variety, such as tiller formation rate and seed germination rate. Generally speaking, the sowing amount of wheat with no-tillage sowing machine should be 10% higher than that of conventional sowing. If the diffusion rate is high, the seeding quantity should be 6 ~ 7 kg. Low diffusion rate should be 8 ~ 9 kg. Late sowing of wheat may also increase sowing quantity appropriately. Winter varieties were seeded in early October and semi-winter varieties in mid-october.

Four, check the moisture content before sowing,so as to be suitable for sowing. The proper moisture content can be determined by using the following methods: holding the soil to be sown into a mass by hand, falling 1m above the ground naturally. When it falls to the ground, the soil mass can be broken up, indicating that the soil moisture content is appropriate. If there is no mass, the soil moisture content is less, poor moisture content; If the soil mass falls to the ground, it will not break. The suitable moisture content of loam was 18%~22% while that of sandy soil was 19%~20%. Too wet or too dry soil moisture can not be sown, otherwise, not only affect seedling rate but also affect the cultivation of strong seedling. Watering the head after sowing is strictly prohibited. When soil moisture is insufficient to sow seeds, water is poured over the head, which not only affects seedling rate but also tends to form weak seedlings.

Five,the depth of wheat no-tillage sowing and sowing ditch generally ensures that the ditch bottom and the original plane are 10cm, and the sowing depth is about 3cm.

Six, the tread distance of the tractor in use should be adapted to the spread of the planter, and the height of the tractor's left and right suspension points should be adjusted to keep the planter at the right and left level. When replacing parts such as ditcher and rotary cultivator, attention should be paid to the left and right symmetry, so as not to break the balance of the machine, resulting in left-right yaw and affecting the quality of work. For a long time, people have been used to farming traditional soil farming methods such as plowing and hoeing. Non - tillage sowing is a new sowing method which breaks the tradition and realizes the effective protection of soil and environment.

In the past two years, we have conducted systematic investigation and research on some no-tillage and sown wheat fields. The survey found the following advantages over conventional tillage:

1. water-saving soil conservaton Furrowing seeding, the machinery in the seedling with shredded corn stalk out of the cover on the ridge balks table, and formed the ditch and ridge structure, rainy days, the existence of the groove increased the rainwater infiltration, reduce runoff loss, and when it's sunny, ridge covered in the corn straw and can effectively reduce seedling belt around the moisture evaporation, is advantageous for the quantity.

2. No-tillage and sowing technology of low-fertilizer wheat can be directly applied to deep fertilizer application. Deep application of chemical fertilizer can effectively reduce volatilization of chemical fertilizer and greatly improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer, especially nitrogen fertilizer.

3. save work, save time, save costs by wheat no-till planting technology, trenching into only one can be completed, fertilizer, and precise seeding, deep overburden soil repression, multiple job links such as the ridge, this not only avoids the machinery into the crush of land harden for many times, but also can save the operation cost 15 ~ 20 yuan/mu.

In short, the technology of no-tillage and sowing of wheat can save water, fertilizer, time, effort and money, which can play a positive role in improving grain yield and guiding farmers to save money and increase income. No-till seeding of wheat lodging does not occur, show the good lodging resistance. Wheat without tillage and seeding, row spacing 260mm, seedling bandwidth 120mm. As the row spacing is wider than that of traditionally planted wheat (about 200mm), it extends the growing space of wheat and enhances the air permeability and lighting capacity of wheat. As a result, wheat has maintained the growth advantage over conventionally sown wheat since its emergence, with strong stems and solid roots and strong lodging resistance.

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